In legal terms, what are 'pleadings'?

Pleadings are formal written documents that outline the claims and defenses of the parties involved in a legal dispute. They serve as the foundation of a case and help to frame the issues that the court will ultimately resolve. The primary types of pleadings include the complaint, which initiates a lawsuit by stating the plaintiff's claims, and the answer, where the defendant responds to those claims.

In addition to establishing what each party is asserting, pleadings also notify the court and the opposing party about the key legal arguments and facts that will be relied upon during the proceedings. This is crucial for ensuring that all parties are aware of the issues at hand and can prepare accordingly. Properly drafted pleadings are essential for the effective management of a case and the judicial process, as they minimize surprises and promote clarity.